Protocols
Segments - Segments are chunks of data that are sent over the transport layer of the TCP/IP model
Data packets - Data packets are chunks of data that are sent over the internet layer of the TCP/IP model
Frame - Frames are chunks of data that are sent over the link/network layer of the TCP/IP model.(Ethernet, WIFI and etc.)
Protocols for each layer:
Application - FTP, HTTP, SNMP, DNS
Transport - UDP and TCP
Internet layer - IP and ICMP
Network layer - Ethernet, PPP, WIFI
What is UDP(User Datagram Protocol): UDP is onless protocol. UDP being connectionless means that all data is sent from a program in one large load of packets and once the packets are sent and recieved that the end of communication for that task. UDP is suitable for when application that need to get data fast. These could include online games where information about the other players has to reach other players as fast as possible. The reason UDP is much faster than TCP is because error recovery is not attempted, but this of course means not all data packets will reach the intended location. UDP also doesn' order packets as they are all indepentdent of eachother, if the packets need to be ordered it has to be done by the applications on the application layer. UDP header is 8 bytes and uses protcols like DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP, RIP, VOIP.
What is TCP(Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is a connection oriented protocol. Sends messages between one computer and another across the internet. TCP is used by appliaction that require high reliability and where the time it takes to get all the data needed is not as critical for the application. Unlike UDP TCP arranges all the data packets in the specified order. TCP also ensures that all data is present and in the correct order when it arrives at the application. The TCP has a large Header size of 20 Bytes as it needs to hold more information, and uses protocols such as HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP, Telnet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ports 161 and 162 - used to remotely manage a networks. Removes the need to be in front on a server to perform maintenance on it. You can also use it to perform maintence on switches and routers also.
ICMP (Internet control message protocol) - Used to run diagnostic on networks to gather information about the condition of a given network. PING and TRACERT make use of ICMP packets.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) port 25 - Used to send/forward email to the mail server provided by the ISP which stores the email until the recipient has to access the file.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) port 143 - Used to access email sent to the user off the mail server it's stored on. IMAP works by fetching the request email and storing all locally until the user disconects from the mail server.
POP (Post Office Protocol)- port 110 - Used to access email sent to the user off the mail server it's stored on. POP is different from IMAP as when it fetches the email from the mail server it stored on it then stores it on their own ISPs mail server until the user deletes it.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ports 20 and 21 - Used to transfer the contents of a website from the development area to the hosts web server.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) port 80 - Used to request and transfer the contents of a webpage from the web server that the website is stored. If everything goes right the web server will respond to HTTP request by sending the web pages contact to client.
DNS( Domain name server) - port 53 - assigns URL to IP addresses on the inernet.
DHCP(Dynamic host configuration protocol) - port 67/8
Telnet - port 23`
Sources:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/TCP_vs_UDP
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/ICMP
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc776379(v=ws.10).aspx
Data packets - Data packets are chunks of data that are sent over the internet layer of the TCP/IP model
Frame - Frames are chunks of data that are sent over the link/network layer of the TCP/IP model.(Ethernet, WIFI and etc.)
Protocols for each layer:
Application - FTP, HTTP, SNMP, DNS
Transport - UDP and TCP
Internet layer - IP and ICMP
Network layer - Ethernet, PPP, WIFI
What is UDP(User Datagram Protocol): UDP is onless protocol. UDP being connectionless means that all data is sent from a program in one large load of packets and once the packets are sent and recieved that the end of communication for that task. UDP is suitable for when application that need to get data fast. These could include online games where information about the other players has to reach other players as fast as possible. The reason UDP is much faster than TCP is because error recovery is not attempted, but this of course means not all data packets will reach the intended location. UDP also doesn' order packets as they are all indepentdent of eachother, if the packets need to be ordered it has to be done by the applications on the application layer. UDP header is 8 bytes and uses protcols like DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP, RIP, VOIP.
What is TCP(Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is a connection oriented protocol. Sends messages between one computer and another across the internet. TCP is used by appliaction that require high reliability and where the time it takes to get all the data needed is not as critical for the application. Unlike UDP TCP arranges all the data packets in the specified order. TCP also ensures that all data is present and in the correct order when it arrives at the application. The TCP has a large Header size of 20 Bytes as it needs to hold more information, and uses protocols such as HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP, Telnet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ports 161 and 162 - used to remotely manage a networks. Removes the need to be in front on a server to perform maintenance on it. You can also use it to perform maintence on switches and routers also.
ICMP (Internet control message protocol) - Used to run diagnostic on networks to gather information about the condition of a given network. PING and TRACERT make use of ICMP packets.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) port 25 - Used to send/forward email to the mail server provided by the ISP which stores the email until the recipient has to access the file.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) port 143 - Used to access email sent to the user off the mail server it's stored on. IMAP works by fetching the request email and storing all locally until the user disconects from the mail server.
POP (Post Office Protocol)- port 110 - Used to access email sent to the user off the mail server it's stored on. POP is different from IMAP as when it fetches the email from the mail server it stored on it then stores it on their own ISPs mail server until the user deletes it.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ports 20 and 21 - Used to transfer the contents of a website from the development area to the hosts web server.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) port 80 - Used to request and transfer the contents of a webpage from the web server that the website is stored. If everything goes right the web server will respond to HTTP request by sending the web pages contact to client.
DNS( Domain name server) - port 53 - assigns URL to IP addresses on the inernet.
DHCP(Dynamic host configuration protocol) - port 67/8
Telnet - port 23`
Sources:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/TCP_vs_UDP
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/ICMP
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc776379(v=ws.10).aspx
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